Understanding the signaling pathways that the biomarkers can activate can help in the development of check-point immunotherapies. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), is a common technique used to identify and elucidate biomarker interactions, signaling pathways, mechanism of interaction, drug discovery and development of therapeutics by providing a label-free, real-time method of determining binding kinetics and binding affinity of key biomolecular interactions. Systems like Alto from Nicoya Lifesciences, the world’s first digital SPR instrument to integrate digital microfluidics and nanotechnology, can measure biomolecules in pM concentrations in various sample matrices with high specificity, while offering the versatility of working with a range of biomolecule types.